See Also: Marquis of Queensbury Rules - Boxing(gambling)
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gambling(dictionary)
gambling(encyclopedia)
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Marquis of Queensbury Rules - Boxing (gambling) and Leipzig (sh)


Marquis of Queensbury Rules - Boxing (gambling)


Boxing goes back to the Egypt of 2,000 B.C., and was one of the original Olympic Sports. However, we owe its form today to the Marquis of Queensbury, who in England in 1867 established the modern rules of boxing, ostensibly to make it more organized and humane. His regulations called for a limited number of 3 minute rounds, the count to 10 before disqualification of a floored man, the forbidding of gouging or wrestling, and the use of gloves to protect the hand. (In the old days, bare-knuckle matches usually were stopped because hands got broken on skulls.)

Leipzig (sh)




City (pop., 2002 est.: 493,052), east-central Germany.

Situated in western Saxony state, it was in the 11th century a fortified town known as Urbs Libzi. It was granted municipal status by 1170, and its location on the principal trade routes of central Europe made it an important commercial centre. Several battles of the Thirty Years' War were fought near the city, which was also the site of the Battle of Leipzig (1813). Massive demonstrations in Leipzig in 1989 helped topple East Germany's communist regime. Historic features include the University of Leipzig (1409), the 13th-century church of St. Thomas, and the annual Leipzig Fair.