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up(2) (iou)



up adverb1.
[Old English up, upp = Old Frisian up, op, Old Saxon up (Dutch op), Old Norse upp, rel. to Old High German uf (German auf), from Germanic base of UP adverb2 & adjective2. Cf. UP adjective1.]
I. Denoting motion or direction in space.
To or towards a higher point or place; in an ascending direction; from a lower to a higher position; spec. (of the hands) towards or above shoulder-level. OE.
Bible (AV): Job 10:15 If I be righteous, yet will I not lift vp my head. J. B. Priestley 'I do,' said Mrs. Joe firmly, holding up her hand. New Yorker He picked up a cardboard box. M. Roberts The priest's mouth works up and down in a frenzy.
b. So as to invert relative position; esp. so as to have a particular surface of a card or coin facing upwards. ME.
Times He turned up the Knave of Clubs.
Towards a point overhead; away from the surface of the earth; into the air. OE.
Shakespeare Venus & Adonis Here the gentle lark..mounts up on high. Bible (AV): Acts 1:9 Hee was taken vp, and a cloud receiued him out of their sight.
b. To a height above the ground or other specified surface; spec. (a) on to the back of a horse etc.; (b) Nautical to or towards the masthead. OE.
W. Dampier Having fine handsome weather, we got up our Yards again. J. N. McIlwraith He might not have managed to mount had not Gib been at hand to give him 'a leg up'.
c. So as to be suspended at a height; into a hanging position. OE.
From a point below to a point above; spec. (a) from beneath the horizon to the line of sight; (b) from below the level of the earth, water, etc., to the surface; so as to detach or remove something from a fixed place in the ground etc.; (c) from the stomach into, or out at, the mouth. OE.
dig up, grub up, etc.
Milton Living Creatures..out of the ground up rose. J. Thomson The welcome Sun, just verging up. W. E. Shuckard A..prodigious quantity of the common mustard plant shot up. Daily Chronicle Half a dozen great trees were torn up by the roots.
a. So as to extend or rise to a higher point or level, esp. above the surface of the ground. OE.
rise up, soar up, etc.
R. J. Farrer Towering up into the sky from its plinth of hills. A. K. Lobeck A..driblet cone may be built up 10 to 12 feet above the ground.
b. So as to become distended; so as to form a heap or pile. ME.
earth up, puff up, swell up, throw up, etc.
P. Keith The vessels..swell up into a bunch.
Into an upright position, esp. from a sitting, stooping, kneeling, or recumbent posture, or a fallen position; spec. out of bed. OE.
help up, sit up, etc.
E. Topsell The tayle is very long..turning vp like a Vipers tayle. A. Maupin We get up at some godawful hour of the morning. J. Kosinski Gaufridi was interrupted by the departure of the Soviet Ambassador. Everyone stood up.
a. To a higher level or altitude by gradual ascent, esp. in contact with a surface; spec. upstairs, esp. to bed. OE.
Coleridge The moving Moon went up the sky..Softly she was going up. Goldsmith More company below, sir..shall I shew them up?
b. To a place regarded as higher in position; e.g. towards the source of a river, against the current; Nautical against the wind; from the country to the capital; to university. OE.
J. Hatton The voyage up..is done in a canoe. P. Fitzgerald He was known to drive up to London to work.
So as to direct the sight to a higher point or level. OE.
I. Murdoch I stepped back..and looked up at the house.
II. transf. & fig.
From a lower to a higher status in respect of position, rank, reputation, etc. OE.
J. R. Lowell A preacher-up of Nature. Clive James Not yet fully famous but plainly on her way up. M. Amis Generally speaking, he has gone up in my estimation.
a. To a higher spiritual or moral level or object. OE.
W. Beveridge A good while before we can get up our hearts from earth to heaven.
b. To a state of greater cheerfulness, confidence, resolution, etc. ME.
S. Baring-Gould I really could not pluck up courage to do so. W. S. Maugham It does one good to hear conversation like that..it brightens one up.
c. Into a state of activity, commotion, excitement, etc. ME.
E. Stillingfleet To work up a heated..Imagination to the Fancy of Raptures. Shelley Their sounds..Rouse up the astonished air.
d. To or at a greater or higher speed, rate, amount, etc. M16.
H. Kingsley Whipping up his horse, he drove there. E. Glyn Carry had better hurry up and get that house in Park Street.
So as to cause sound to be heard or to increase in volume; so as to increase in degree or intensity. OE.
R. K. Smith Why didn't you speak up when we were discussing the question? I. Murdoch Speak up, please, I cannot hear you. W. Corlett It is colder..I must turn up the central heating.
To or towards maturity, proficiency, etc. OE.
F. A. Kemble As soon as they begin to grow up.
a. Into existence, prominence, vogue, or currency; so as to appear or prevail. OE.
A. Crichton Sabellians, Valentinians, and a host of obscurer sects, all rose up. A. Griffiths The difficulty of providing funds cropped up. W. S. Maugham The white shirt..threw up his sunburned, weather-beaten face. L. Bruce He..had the real estate guy draw up the papers.
b. To the notice or consideration of some higher authority; spec. (a) before a judge, magistrate, etc.; (b) from the House of Commons to the House of Lords. OE.
Fraser's Magazine The writ went up to the Lords. W. E. Collinson Touts are often had up before the courts.
c. So as to divulge, reveal, or disclose something, esp. as a charge or accusation. L16.
J. Gilmour If his two companions in accusation would not own up.
Into the hands or possession of another; so as to relinquish, abandon, or forsake someone or something. OE.
Times He gave himself up at Clacton-on-Sea.
Into a receptacle or place of storage, as for security, convenience, or use when required. ME.
Shakespeare Othello Keep up your bright swords, for the dew will rust them. Punch This plan to store up the dead at minus two hundred degrees C.
Into the position or state of being open (orig. by the raising of a gate, barrier, etc.). ME.
Temple Bar She hastily threw up the window. O. Manning The shops were opening up and people coming out.
To or towards a state of completion, finality, or order. ME.
cash up, clean up, clear up, eat up, sweep up, etc.
W. S. Gilbert I polished up the handle of the big front door. L. van der Post Gobbling up tangles of serpents like spaghetti. W. S. Maugham I shall finish up as the wife of the local M.P. B. W. Aldiss Ernest sold up and retired.
By way of summation or enumeration; to a final or total sum or amount. ME.
B. Jowett All my years when added up are many. W. S. Maugham We must find someone else to make up the pat-ball set. New Scientist A simple way would be..to count up the number of carbon atoms.
a. So as to cover or envelop. ME.
T. Hardy She presently emerged, muffled up like a nun.
b. Into a close or compact form or condition; so as to be confined or secured. LME.
bind up, fold up, roll up, etc.
A. Somerville He was tied up. S. D. Gross The limbs are drawn up as in acute enteritis.
c. Into a closed or enclosed state; so as to be shut or restrained. L15.
dam up, pent up, etc.
Ld Macaulay The Jacobites..were forced to shut themselves up in their houses.
Into one's possession, charge, custody, etc. ME.
M. Edgeworth One of his boys was taken up amongst the rioters.
Into an open or loose condition of surface; so as to sever or separate something, esp. into many parts, fragments, or pieces. LME.
break up, plough up, etc. chop up, cut up, etc.
Thomas Hughes Engaged in tearing up old newspapers..into small pieces.
a. Into a state of union, conjunction, or combination; so as to bring something together. LME.
Fraser's Magazine Some smart magazine papers, bound up in a volume called Pelham. Times Literary Supplement Breton collected up some of his shorter pieces.
b. So as to supply deficiencies, defects, etc. M16.
S. Chaplin Afterwards we'll fill up with some fish and chips. P. Wright To make up the required number of hours for the week.
a. To or towards a person, place, or point; so as to approach or arrive. LME.
Dickens He would have rode boldly up, and dashed in among these villains. R. Kipling An' the dawn comes up like thunder outa China 'crost the Bay.
b. To or into later life. M16.
Wordsworth I from my Childhood up Had known him.
c. So as to find, come upon, overtake, or keep on the track of. E17.
To a stop or halt. E17.
draw up, pull up, etc.
P. G. Wodehouse What more likely than that he should have fetched up in Hollywood.
III.
With ellipsis of verb of action (esp. get, stand), imper., & after aux. verbs. ME.
Wordsworth Up! up! my Friend, and quit your books. Sir W. Scott 'Up, Guards, and at them,' cried the Duke of Wellington. S. Beckett Up the Republic!
Phrases: up NORTH. up till (a) arch. so as to reach, against; (b) = up until below. up to (a) as high or as far as; (b) up towards; upwards in the direction of; (c) so as to reach or arrive at; (d) = up until below; (e) so as to reach or attain by deliberate action; (f) so as to reach by progression or gradual ascent; (g) as many or as much as; including all below (a specified number etc.); (h) lead up to (Bridge), lead in a manner which allows (a particular card or suit) to be played from the third or fourth hand. up to date adverbial & adjectival phr. (a) adverbial phr. right up to the present time or the time of writing; (b) adjectival phr. (also (attrib.) up-to-date) meeting or in accordance with the latest requirements, knowledge, or fashions; modern, contemporary. up-to-dateness the quality of being up to date. up to the minute adverbial & adjectival phr. (a) adverbial & adjectival phr. right up to the present time; (b) adjectival phr. (also (esp. attrib.) up-to-the-minute) as up to date as possible, completely modern. up until throughout or during the (whole) time until. up with so as to reach.
Comb.: up-and-over adjective (of a door, esp. of a garage) opened by being raised and pushed back into a horizontal position; up-and-under Rugby Football a high kick intended to give the kicker and other team members time to reach the point where the ball will come down.