See Also: discouraged(dictionary)
Herbal medicine (botanical medicine, herbology, phytomedicine)(health)
Medicine Lodge Memorial Hospital- Medicine Lodge(health)
Orthomolecular medicine (orthomolecular nutritional medicine, orthomolecular therapy)(health)
medicine(1)(dictionary)
medicine(2)(dictionary)
medicine(dictionary)
medicine man(encyclopedia)
medicine(encyclopedia)
medicine(dictionary)

il-1 (medicine) and discouraged (oh)


il-1 (medicine)


IL-1 -->
interleukin-1
<cytokine> A soluble protein (17 kD: 152 amino acids) secreted by monocytes, macrophages or accessory cells involved in the activation of both T-lymphocytes and B lymphocytes and potentiates their response to antigens or mitogens.

Its biological effects include the ability to replace macrophage requirements for T-cell activation, as well as affecting a wide range of Other cell types. at least two IL-1 genes are active and alpha and beta forms of IL-1 are recognised.

It is released early in an immune system response by monocytes and macrophages. It stimulates T-cell proliferation and protein synthesis. Another effect of IL-1 is that it causes fever.

See: catabolin, endogenous pyrogen.

Acronym: IL-1


discouraged (oh)



no longer having the confidence you need to continue doing something
-synonym demoralized demoralized
::A lot of players get discouraged and quit.