See Also: Hays Office(encyclopedia)
Le Christine(tourism)
Christine (as used in expressions)(encyclopedia)
Christine de Pisan(encyclopedia)
Hays PLC(finance)
Hays(finance)
Ladd-Franklin, Christine(encyclopedia)
Sulzberger, Arthur Hays(encyclopedia)
Hays Medical Center(health)
small office/home office(dictionary)

Christine de Pisan (sh) and Hays Office (sh)


Christine de Pisan (sh)




or Christine de Pizan

born 1364, Venice
died งใ 1430

French writer.

She was the daughter of an astrologer to Charles V and the wife of a court secretary and took up Writing to support her children when she was widowed, producing 10 volumes of graceful verse, including ballads, rondeaux, lays, and complaints, many in the courtly-love tradition. Some works, both poetry and prose, champion women, notably The Book of the City of Ladies (1405). She also wrote a life of Charles V and Le Ditie de Jehanne d'Arc (1429), inspired by Joan of Arc's early victories.


Hays Office (sh)




formally Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America

U.S. organization that promulgated a moral code for films.

In 1922, after a number of scandals involving Hollywood personalities, Film industry leaders formed the organization to counteract the threat of government censorship and to create favourable publicity for the industry. Under Will H. Hays (1879-1954), a politically active lawyer, it initiated a blacklist, inserted morals clauses into actors' contracts, and in 1930 developed a Production Code that detailed what was morally acceptable on the screen. The code was supplanted in 1966 by a voluntary rating system.