See Also: Regents of the University of California v. Bakke(encyclopedia)
California, University of(encyclopedia)
University of California Irvine Medical Center(health)
University of California Davis Medical Center(health)
University of California San Francisco Medical Center(health)
Red Brigades(encyclopedia)
International Brigades(encyclopedia)
Regents Park Hotel Bayswater(tourism)
Melia White House Regents Park(tourism)
California(dictionary)

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (sh) and Red Brigades (sh)


Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (sh)




(1978) Decision of the Supreme Court of the United States that ruled unconstitutional the use of fixed quotas for minority applicants at professional schools.

At issue was a state medical school's affirmative action program that, because it required a certain number of minority Admissions, twice denied entrance to an otherwise qualified white candidate (Allan Bakke). Though the court outlawed quota programs, on the grounds that they violated the equal-protection clause of the Constitution of the United States, it allowed colleges to use race as a factor in making college Admissions decisions.


Red Brigades (sh)




Italian Brigate Rosse

Extreme left-wing terrorist organization in Italy.

Its self-proclaimed aim was to undermine the Italian state and pave the way for a Marxist upheaval led by a "revolutionary proletariat." Reputedly founded by Renato Curcio (b. 1945), it began carrying out violent acts with firebombings (1970), escalating to kidnappings (1971) and murders (1974), most notably that of Aldo Moro (1978). At its height, it probably had 400 to 500 full-time members, perhaps 1,000 sporadic members, and a few thousand supporters. Arrest and imprisonment of many leaders and ordinary members greatly weakened the organization in the 1980s. However, a group calling itself the Red Brigades claimed responsibility for several violent attacks in the 1990s and into the 21st century.