See Also: Shamir, Yitzhak(encyclopedia)
Steak and Kidney Pudding with Steak and Kidney Gravy(recipes)
kidney(encyclopedia)
kidney(dictionary)
cow kidney(medicine)
Kidney(health)
kidney(dictionary)
Kidney(medicine)
head kidney(medicine)
kidney, polycystic(medicine)

Shamir, Yitzhak (sh) and kidney (sh)


Shamir, Yitzhak (sh)




orig. Yitzhak Jazernicki

born Oct. 15, 1915, Ruzinoy, Pol., Russian Empire

Polish-born Israeli statesman.

He immigrated in 1935 to Palestine, where he helped found the Israel Freedom Fighters, later known as the Stern Gang. Twice arrested by British authorities (1941, 1946), he twice escaped and eventually found asylum in France. After Israel achieved independence, he served as a secret-service operative until 1965. He was speaker of the Knesset (1977-80) and later foreign minister under Menachem Begin (1980-83). He became prime minister in 1983; in 1984 an indecisive election led to his sharing power with the Labour Party leader Shimon Peres, and Shamir acted as prime minister for the six years beginning in 1986, which included another indecisive election in 1988 and the formation of a coalition government in 1990, but lost power in 1992. He retired from the Knesset in 1996.


kidney (sh)




One of a pair of organs that maintain water balance and expel metabolic wastes.

Human kidneys are bean-shaped organs about 4 in. (10 cm) long, in the small of the back. They filter the entire 5-quart (about 4.5-liter) water content of the blood every 45 minutes. Glucose, minerals, and needed water are returned to the blood by reabsorption. The remaining fluid and wastes pass into collecting ducts, flowing to the ureter and bladder as urine. Each kidney has over 1 million functional units (nephrons) involved in the process of filtration and reabsorption. The kidneys also secrete renin, an enzyme involved in blood pressure regulation. Disorders include kidney failure, kidney stones, and nephritis. See also urinary system.